Eel River

Over 31 restoration Projects Completed or ongoing to date

From its headwaters on Bald Mountain the Eel River carves 196 miles running south to north through Northwestern California, churning through deep canyons, and occasionally resting in tranquil pools before it empties into the Pacific Ocean. It is California’s third largest watershed. The Eel River has received both State (1972) and Federal (1981) Wild and Scenic River designation, a title which protects the river from future dams and ensures that environmental concerns rank equally with development and industry.

Historically, the Eel River boasted one of California’s largest salmon and steelhead trout runs. The Eel River and its tributaries still provides excellent habitat for Chinook (King Salmon), Coho Salmon (Silver Salmon), and Steelhead Trout—all of which are listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Salmon are economically and culturally important around the world.

We are proud of the work we have completed and continue to work on in the Eel River.  To date, the NCCP and its partners have:

• Raised over $9.6 million dollars

• Treated 151 miles of rural roads, preventing 319,922 cubic yards of sediment from entering streams. That's close to 32,000 dump trucks.

• Installed 63 large wood structures in 3 miles of stream

• Removed two high priority fish passage barriers, restoring access to over 47 miles of habitat upstream.

Project Highlights

Lawrence Creek

 fish passage improvement project, old Hollow Tree Creek hatchery site, Eel River

UPPER JACK OF HEARTS CREEK COHO HABITAT RESTORATION

Construction phase, Jack of Hearts Creek Coho habitat restoration project

Project Overview

The purpose of this project is to improve instream habitat by removing two complete fish passage barriers and to reduce the threat of sediment delivery into an important Coho tributary to the South Fork Eel River. The project is necessary because there is potential for catastrophic failure of a large instream barrier that limits migration for all life stages of salmonids and other aquatic species. The project will remove a large earthen dam, restore 510 feet of stream channel, and install 19 large wood structures in the upper reaches of Jack of Hearts Creek. State and Federal salmonid recovery plans for the South Fork Eel River recommend removing barriers, decreasing sediment input by treating sediment sources, and increasing stream habitat complexity by installing large wood.

Following Construction, Jack of Hearts Creek Coho habitat restoration project

The rarest species of salmon in California is getting some help in a legendary coastal river system, thanks to Trout Unlimited’s North Coast Coho Project (NCCP) and partners. Recently, the NCCP finished the construction phase of a major fish passage and water quality improvement project in Jack of Hearts Creek, an important tributary to the South Fork Eel River.

As described in TU’s 2015 State of the Trout report, a majority of California’s native salmonids are at risk, and a few are teetering on the edge of oblivion. One of the most imperiled is Oncorhynchus kisutch, the Coho (silver) salmon, historically the signature fish of coastal drainages—especially smaller ones—from Santa Cruz to the Oregon border.

That’s why, when TU launched its program work in the Golden State some two decades ago, our inaugural project was an initiative dedicated to recovering Coho by restoring habitat and fish passage throughout the fabled North Coast.

The Eel River, the centerpiece of steelhead fishing in a region sometimes referred to as the Lost Coast, is California’s third largest river system. The South Fork of the Eel, in particular, retains relatively high habitat values and is the focus of intensive Coho and steelhead restoration efforts.

The California Department of Fish and Wildlife considers the South Fork Eel to have a significant remnant population of Coho Salmon (CDFG, 1996; TMDL, 1999). Fisheries scientists from the University of California (Brown, 1994; TMDL, 1999) found that the South Fork Eel population of Coho is important because it has little hatchery influence and retains high genetic integrity.

Many of the South Fork Eel’s smaller tributaries are important as spawning and rearing habitat for Coho and steelhead. One of these is Jack of Hearts Creek. In 2012, for example, CDFW found 44 Coho spawners and 16 redds in Jack of Hearts Creek.

The goal of the Jack of Hearts Creek project is to improve instream habitat by removing two total barriers to fish passage, treat sediment sources, and install large woody material in the creek. This project was rated a very high priority by federal and state fisheries managers due to the productivity of Jack of Hearts Creek as Coho habitat and the potential for catastrophic failure of a large instream barrier that limited migration for all life stages of salmonids.

Now that the construction phase is completed, the project proceeds to re-planting native vegetation in the stream corridor, and then to a monitoring phase.

The upshot of this project is restoration of fish access and stream habitat in nearly one-quarter mile of channel and preventing delivery of some 1,295 cubic yards of spawning gravel-choking sediment into the creek through removal of an old earthen dam and road treatments at multiple stream crossings. It involves all of the typical ingredients of a successful NCCP project: cooperation with multiple landowners; comprehensive physical treatments that deliver multiple habitat and fish passage benefits; and several years of planning, fundraising and execution.

The North Coast Coho Project works through cooperative partnerships with timber and gravel companies, private landowners, technical consulting firms, local non-profit organizations, and state and federal agencies. Since 2008, the NCCP has raised and leveraged nearly $25 million for habitat restoration through more than 75 projects improving thousands of acres of habitat in the Eel, Ten Mile, Noyo, Big, Navarro, Garcia, and Russian Rivers.

For many years California coastal coho have been locked in a bitter competition with the southern coastal steelhead for the title of Rarest California Salmonid. But thanks to the achievements of the first program TU started in California, through efforts like the Jack of Hearts Creek barrier removal and habitat improvement project, the prognosis for Coho here is moving from bleak to cautiously optimistic.

For more information on the NCCP, go here, or contact NCCP director Anna Halligan at ahalligan@tu.org. 

To Learn More about TU's work in the Eel River Watershed read:

https://www.tu.org/blog-posts/big-wild-and-coming-back-californias-eel-river